Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 29, 2026
14:59
Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
Published on: October 14, 2022
12.2K
Pediatric Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infections and the Risk of Multiloculated Hydrocephalus
Pınar Önal1, Ender Vergili2, Gözde Apaydın Sever1
1Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Turkish Archives of Pediatrics
|April 27, 2026
Summary
Pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections (SIs) are linked to younger age. CSF pleocytosis before revision and longer treatment are risk factors for multiloculated hydrocephalus (MH) in children with SIs.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurosurgery
- Infectious Diseases
- Hydrocephalus Management
Background:
- Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infections (SIs) are a major complication in pediatric neurosurgery.
- These infections can lead to severe outcomes like multiloculated hydrocephalus (MH) and require multiple surgeries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the clinical features, microbiology, and outcomes of pediatric SIs.
- To identify risk factors associated with the development of MH in these patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 124 pediatric patients undergoing VP shunt placement (2018-2023).
- Analysis of demographic data, CSF parameters, microbiology, treatment, and surgical interventions for 29 patients with SIs.
Main Results:
- The median age of infected patients was lower than non-infected patients (P=.01).
- Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common pathogen (58.6%).
- MH occurred in 20.6% of SI patients; prolonged treatment (P=.035) and pre-revision CSF pleocytosis (P=.04) were MH risk factors.
Conclusions:
- CSF pleocytosis before shunt revision and extended treatment duration are potential risk factors for MH.
- Younger age is a risk factor for SIs.
- Early detection of CSF inflammatory changes is crucial for identifying at-risk children and improving management of pediatric SIs.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Brain Abscess l: Introduction
16
A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial...
16
01:14Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction
23
Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component...
23
01:29Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management
629
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
629
01:25Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications
2.1K
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
2.1K
01:29Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology
19
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins...
19
01:22Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology
14
Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this...
14