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Pediatric Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infections and the Risk of Multiloculated Hydrocephalus

Pınar Önal1, Ender Vergili2, Gözde Apaydın Sever1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye.

Turkish Archives of Pediatrics
|April 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections (SIs) are linked to younger age. CSF pleocytosis before revision and longer treatment are risk factors for multiloculated hydrocephalus (MH) in children with SIs.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hydrocephalus Management

Background:

  • Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infections (SIs) are a major complication in pediatric neurosurgery.
  • These infections can lead to severe outcomes like multiloculated hydrocephalus (MH) and require multiple surgeries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical features, microbiology, and outcomes of pediatric SIs.
  • To identify risk factors associated with the development of MH in these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 124 pediatric patients undergoing VP shunt placement (2018-2023).
  • Analysis of demographic data, CSF parameters, microbiology, treatment, and surgical interventions for 29 patients with SIs.

Main Results:

  • The median age of infected patients was lower than non-infected patients (P=.01).
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common pathogen (58.6%).
  • MH occurred in 20.6% of SI patients; prolonged treatment (P=.035) and pre-revision CSF pleocytosis (P=.04) were MH risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • CSF pleocytosis before shunt revision and extended treatment duration are potential risk factors for MH.
  • Younger age is a risk factor for SIs.
  • Early detection of CSF inflammatory changes is crucial for identifying at-risk children and improving management of pediatric SIs.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infectionchildmultiloculated hydrocephalusventriculoperitoneal shunt

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