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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Transgender and gender nonbinary individuals face significant health disparities.
  • Existing research often uses convenience samples or groups diverse gender identities, masking subgroup differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare health and psychosocial outcomes between binary transgender adults and nonbinary adults.
  • To identify distinct challenges faced by these subgroups to inform targeted interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from two national probability samples (Generations and TransPop).
  • Comparison of health outcomes, victimization, and social support using multivariable regression models.
  • Controlled for age, sex assigned at birth, and employment.

Main Results:

  • Nonbinary individuals reported lower "good" or better health (58.9%) compared to binary transgender adults (78.4%).
  • Nonbinary adults experienced higher rates of functional limitations (75.0% vs. 41.4%), physical/sexual assault (aOR=2.03), and partner conflict (aOR=2.74).
  • Binary transgender adults had a higher unmet desire for parenthood (40.9% vs. 18.0%), while psychological distress and life satisfaction were comparable.

Conclusions:

  • Binary transgender and nonbinary adults exhibit distinct health and psychosocial profiles.
  • Nonbinary individuals face greater challenges in physical health and safety.
  • Targeted interventions are crucial to address the specific needs of each subgroup.