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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
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A stroke engine has a slider-crank mechanism that converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider.
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A slider-crank mechanism converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider. The movement of the slider-crank is an example of general plane motion as the fluctuating angle between the crank and the connecting rod. Consider a segment AB where point A is at the end of the slider and point B is on the diametrically opposite end to point A, on a crack. The variance in...
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Brain motion is driven by mechanical coupling with the abdomen.

C Spencer Garborg1,2,3, Beatrice Ghitti4,5, Qingguang Zhang1,4,6

  • 1Penn State Neuroscience Institute - University Park, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.

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Brain movement within the skull is linked to locomotion via abdominal muscle contractions. This motion may influence cerebrospinal fluid flow, suggesting a connection between body movement and brain fluid dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • The mechanics of brain motion within the skull are not fully understood.
  • The drivers and consequences of this motion remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize and characterize brain motion relative to the skull in awake mice.
  • To identify the physiological drivers of brain motion.
  • To explore the potential consequences of brain motion on interstitial fluid flow.

Main Methods:

  • High-speed, multiplane two-photon microscopy was used to visualize dorsal cortex motion in awake head-fixed mice.
  • Correlation analysis was performed to link brain motion with locomotion, respiration, and cardiac cycle.
  • Abdominal pressure was manipulated to investigate its effect on brain motion.
  • Computational model simulations were used to predict interstitial fluid movement.

Main Results:

  • Brain motion was primarily directed rostrally and laterally.
  • Brain motion strongly correlated with locomotion but not with respiration or cardiac cycle.
  • Abdominal muscle contractions and applied abdominal pressure induced brain motion, suggesting a hydraulic-like vascular connection.
  • Model simulations indicated that brain motion could drive interstitial fluid out of the brain into the subarachnoid space.

Conclusions:

  • The brain is mechanically linked to the abdominal compartment.
  • Locomotion-induced brain motion may play a role in regulating brain interstitial fluid flow.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics may be coupled to overall body movements.