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Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

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Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
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Updated: Apr 29, 2026

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Humic Acid Intercalated Vermiculite for Sandy Loam Salt-Affected Soil Improvement.

Xinyao Li1,2, Dengke Pan3, Wenqing Ma1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.

Scientific Reports
|April 27, 2026
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Summary

Expanded vermiculite intercalated with humic acid (EVHA) offers a novel solution for improving salt-affected soils. This slow-release material enhances soil properties and boosts crop growth, supporting sustainable agriculture.

Keywords:
Expanded vermiculiteHumic acidIntercalation assemblySalt-affected soilSlow release

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Agriculture

Background:

  • Expanded vermiculite (EV) contains Ca2+/Mg2+ and humic acid (HA) is rich in organic matter and phosphorus.
  • Direct application of HA to salt-affected soils can lead to excessive Na+ input and nutrient loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a humic acid intercalated expanded vermiculite (EVHA) composite.
  • To evaluate the sustained release properties of HA from EVHA.
  • To assess the efficacy of EVHA in improving salt-affected soil and enhancing crop growth.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of EVHA using a water-mediated assembly method with cationic bridging and hydrogen bonding.
  • Investigated HA release kinetics under varying conditions (content, temperature, time).
  • Conducted soil improvement experiments and corn pot experiments.

Main Results:

  • EVHA extended HA sustained release by 4-18 times compared to pure HA.
  • EVHA reduced soil salt content by 40% and increased soil organic matter by 15%.
  • EVHA significantly increased corn plant dry weight (up to 2.95-fold) and leaf area (up to 1.43-fold), enhancing root activity.

Conclusions:

  • EVHA is an effective slow-release material for improving salt-affected soils.
  • EVHA application enhances soil physicochemical properties and promotes plant growth.
  • This technology contributes to efficient soil remediation and sustainable agricultural practices.