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Varieties of Capitalism and Cross-national Variation in Fertility Rates.

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The varieties of capitalism framework explains cross-national fertility rate variations. Key institutional factors like wage bargaining centralization and employment protection significantly correlate with total fertility rates over time.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Comparative Politics
  • Sociology

Background:

  • The institutional approach to demographic outcomes is gaining traction.
  • Existing literature often focuses on welfare programs and fertility costs.
  • The "varieties of capitalism" perspective offers a broader view of national economies and socioeconomic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the "varieties of capitalism" perspective to debates on cross-national demographic differences.
  • To develop a varieties of capitalism account for cross-national and longitudinal variation in fertility rates.
  • To investigate the correlation between institutional factors and total fertility rates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized panel data from 1985–2019 across 21 Global North countries.
  • Employed the "varieties of capitalism" framework to analyze institutional factors.
  • Examined the association between key institutional dimensions and total fertility rates.

Main Results:

  • Centralization of wage bargaining is associated with variations in total fertility rates.
  • The employment protection index shows a correlation with cross-national fertility differences.
  • Active labor market policies are linked to longitudinal changes in total fertility rates.

Conclusions:

  • Institutional factors, viewed through the "varieties of capitalism" lens, significantly explain cross-national and temporal variations in fertility rates.
  • Specific dimensions like wage bargaining, employment protection, and labor market policies are crucial.
  • This study bridges the gap between economic institutionalism and demographic research.