Factors Associated With the Nutritional Status of Children and Their Parents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis With
Kéllyda Cinnara da Silva Moura1, Oscar Geovanny Enriquez-Martinez2, Haysla Xavier Martins Mendonça2
1Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, ufes.br.
Background:
Obesity is a major public health challenge, and its prevalence is increasing in most countries around the world and across all age groups.
Objective:
This study aims to identify the correspondence and factors associated with the nutritional status of children aged 7-10 years and their parents/guardians registered in Family Health Units in a metropolitan region in southeastern Brazil.
Methods:
Cross-sectional study with a convenience sample was carried out in 26 Family Health Units in four municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Vitória/ES, between July and December/2021. An anthropometric examination was performed, and sociodemographic and lifestyle data were collected. Nutritional status was classified using body mass index (BMI). Multinominal logistic regression models were tested, adopting p < 0.05.
Results:
Around 56.5% of children classified as obese had parents/guardians with obesity. A greater chance of being obese was observed in adults aged > 30 years (OR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.35; 4.06), Black race/color (OR: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.25; 6.33), and self-perceived health as regular/poor/very poor (OR: 4.12; 95% CI: 2.28; 7.42).
Conclusion:
Children's nutritional status is only associated with that of their parents/guardians, especially when they have obesity. Higher age range, Black race/color, and worse self-perceived health were associated with obesity in adults. Public policies should be implemented to tackle obesity at all levels, including the promotion of adequate nutrition, self-care regarding health, and the encouragement of physical activity within the context of primary healthcare.
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