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Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) efficiency is enhanced by the organized structure of solid-phase media. This study used phase change materials to demonstrate how media constraints influence bimolecular processes like TTA-UC.

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Area of Science:

  • Photochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is a bimolecular process sensitive to the surrounding environment.
  • Phase change materials (PCMs) offer tunable media organization, influencing molecular interactions.
  • Understanding media effects is crucial for optimizing TTA-UC efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of media organization on TTA-UC efficiency.
  • To explore the role of isomeric phase change materials (oleic acid and elaidic acid) in TTA-UC.
  • To correlate TTA-UC performance with the physical state (solid/liquid) of the surrounding medium.

Main Methods:

  • Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) using platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) as sensitizer and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) as emitter.
  • Probing TTA-UC in oleic acid (OA) and elaidic acid (EA) below and above their melting points.
  • Characterization using steady-state and time-resolved luminescence, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Raman, and UV-vis spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • TTA-UC efficiency was significantly higher in the solid phase of oleic acid compared to its liquid phase.
  • Media constraints imposed by the solid-state arrangement of PCMs were found to assist TTA-UC.
  • A green-to-blue UC quantum yield of up to 3.6% was achieved under ambient conditions.
  • PtOEP aggregation was identified as a key factor influenced by media constraints.

Conclusions:

  • The organization of the surrounding medium plays a critical role in the efficiency of TTA-UC.
  • Solid-phase media can impose beneficial constraints that enhance bimolecular upconversion processes.
  • TTA-UC serves as a sensitive probe for studying media effects on molecular interactions and aggregation.