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Global Co-Occurrence Patterns of Ischemic Heart Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease:
Wei Wang1, Wei-Dong Jiang2, Lin Wang3
1Department of Interventional and Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapy The Second Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan Shandong China.
Insights
Ischemic heart disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease co-occur globally, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. Addressing shared risks like kidney dysfunction and obesity can reduce the cardiometabolic disease burden.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Hepatology
- Global Health Epidemiology
Background:
- Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are major global health issues with shared origins.
- Understanding their spatial overlap, risk factors, and healthcare quality disparities is crucial for integrated management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the global spatial co-occurrence of IHD and MASLD.
- To identify shared risk factors using advanced machine learning.
- To evaluate healthcare quality alignment with disease burden.
Main Methods:
- Utilized 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data from 204 countries.
- Employed Shapley Additive Explanations and negative binomial regression for risk factor identification.
- Calculated the Quality-of-Care Index to assess healthcare service alignment.
Main Results:
- Significant spatial co-occurrence of IHD and MASLD observed, especially in the Middle East, North Africa, and emerging economies.
- Key shared risk factors identified: kidney dysfunction, high body mass index, and air pollution.
- Disparities in Quality-of-Care Index noted, with under-resourced regions like Eastern Europe, South Asia, and parts of Africa.
Conclusions:
- The comorbidity of IHD and MASLD presents a substantial global health challenge.
- Targeting shared risk factors through comprehensive interventions can effectively reduce the global burden of cardiometabolic diseases.
Background:
Ischemic heart disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease represent significant global health challenges, characterized by overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of their spatial co-occurrence, common risk factors, and disparities in health care quality is essential for the development of integrated prevention and treatment strategies.
Methods:
Using data from the 2021 GBD (Global Burden of Disease) study, encompassing 204 countries and territories, we conducted an analysis of the spatial co-occurrence patterns of ischemic heart disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. To identify principal risk factors, we used machine learning techniques, specifically Shapley Additive Explanations, alongside negative binomial regression models. Furthermore, the Quality-of-Care Index was computed to assess the alignment of health care services with the disease burden.
Results:
A notable spatial co-occurrence of ischemic heart disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease was identified, especially prevalent in regions such as the Middle East, North Africa, and emerging economies. The primary shared risk factors encompassed kidney dysfunction, high body mass index, and ambient particulate matter pollution. Disparities in the Quality-of-Care Index were apparent, with regions including Eastern Europe, South Asia, and certain areas of Africa exhibiting insufficient health care resources in comparison with the burden of disease.
Conclusions:
The comorbidity of ischemic heart disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease constitutes a significant global health concern. Implementing comprehensive interventions aimed at addressing risk factors has the potential to mitigate the worldwide burden of cardiometabolic diseases.
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