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Cohesion

Cohesion

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

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Published on: February 11, 2020

Tuning the Water Reactivity of LaCoO₃ Surfaces by Subsurface Engineering.

Ellen M Kiens¹, Ester Pérez-Penco², Iris C G van den Bosch¹

¹MESA+ Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|April 28, 2026

Summary

Subsurface engineering of perovskite oxides like LaCoO3 remotely controls surface chemistry. This tuning of electronic structure enhances hydroxyl affinity and electronic response for improved catalysis.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Chemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Perovskite oxides possess tunable electronic structures beneficial for catalytic applications, such as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Surface reactivity in these oxides is linked to transition metal cation electronic structure, specifically 3d orbital occupation, which can be modified via interfacial engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of subsurface engineering on the interaction of ultrathin LaCoO3 films with water vapor.
To understand how underlying electronic structures influence surface hydroxyl affinity and cobalt valence states.

Main Methods:

Utilized (near) ambient pressure core-level spectroscopy.
Examined ultrathin LaCoO3 films with varying subsurface electronic structures.

Main Results:

Observed distinct differences in hydroxyl affinity and Co valence response based on the underlying electronic structure.
LaCoO3 films with higher initial Co oxidation states exhibited stronger hydroxyl affinity.
Films with lower Co valence showed more pronounced electronic changes upon water exposure.

Conclusions:

Demonstrated a "remote control" mechanism where subsurface electronic engineering dictates surface chemistry.
Subsurface engineering offers a novel approach to optimize oxide-adsorbate interactions for electrocatalysis.