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Related Concept Videos

Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

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The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Respiratory Viral Infections Following CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy.

Julian J Weiss1, Julia Messina2, Jennifer Saullo2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Journal of Medical Virology
|April 28, 2026
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Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are common after CAR T-cell therapy but usually mild. Elevated BMI is a risk factor for RVIs in these patients, though infections decrease over time.

Keywords:
CAR T‐cell therapyinfectious complicationsrespiratory viral infection

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are a significant complication post-chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.
  • The epidemiology and risk factors for RVIs following CAR T-cell therapy require further definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence, epidemiology, and clinical features of RVIs in patients undergoing CD19 CAR T-cell therapy.
  • To identify independent risk factors associated with RVI development.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, single-center cohort study of 101 patients treated with CD19 CAR T-cell therapy (April 2018 - January 2023).
  • Data collected included demographics, clinical details, and infection characteristics.
  • Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of RVI.

Main Results:

  • 21 out of 101 patients (20.8%) experienced 32 RVIs, with an infection density of 34 per 100 person-years.
  • SARS-CoV-2 was the most frequent RVI (53.1%).
  • Most infections were mild (56%) or moderate (41%); elevated BMI was associated with increased RVI odds (OR 1.13).

Conclusions:

  • RVIs are common but generally mild following CAR T-cell therapy.
  • Infection frequency tends to decrease over time post-infusion.
  • Elevated BMI is a potential risk factor for RVIs in this population.