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Related Concept Videos

Selectins01:25

Selectins

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
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Concurrent P-Selectin Targeting Nanoparticle Orchestrates Tumor-Immune Dynamics for Advanced Immunochemotherapy.

Wei Lee1, Syuan-Ling Lin2,3, Jui-Yu Chen2

  • 1Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan.

ACS Nano
|April 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces FINAL, a novel nanoplatform that targets cancer cells and macrophages to improve triple-negative breast cancer therapy. FINAL enhances survival and reduces toxicity by modulating the tumor microenvironment.

Keywords:
P-selectincirculating hybrid cellsfucoidanimmunochemotherapytumor microenvironmenttumor-associated macrophages

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Current cancer therapies often fail to address the complex tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • Targeting single mechanisms overlooks the intricate interactions within the TME.
  • Developing novel strategies to simultaneously target cancer cells and immune cells is crucial for effective therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce FINAL (Fucoidan-docetaxel Immunomodulatory Nanoparticles as an Antitumoral Lancer), a nanoplatform for simultaneous targeting of P-selectin-expressing cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of FINAL in reshaping the TME and enhancing cancer treatment outcomes.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of FINAL compared to conventional docetaxel formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Surface-engineered nanoparticles (FINAL) were developed with fucoidan and docetaxel.
  • P-selectin-mediated targeting was employed to engage cancer cells and TAMs.
  • RNA-seq transcriptomic profiling was used to analyze molecular-level changes in tumor-immune dynamics.
  • In vivo studies in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models were conducted to assess therapeutic outcomes and toxicity.

Main Results:

  • FINAL demonstrated dual-cell orchestration via P-selectin-mediated targeting, enhancing cellular uptake and disrupting tumor-TAM adhesion.
  • Fucoidan's intrinsic bioactivities reduced cancer cell reactive oxygen species, promoted M1 macrophage polarization, and suppressed angiogenesis.
  • Transcriptomic analysis revealed synergistic immune activation and repressed tumor progression signatures.
  • In TNBC models, FINAL doubled survival duration, suppressed tumor growth, inhibited metastasis, and preserved bone marrow function.
  • FINAL achieved significant therapeutic benefits with reduced systemic toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • FINAL represents a versatile platform for P-selectin-expressing diseases, offering a next-generation immunochemotherapy approach.
  • The system-level modulation of the TME by FINAL provides breakthrough therapeutic outcomes with improved safety.
  • This nanoplatform shows broad translational potential across multiple cancer types for enhanced antitumor efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity.