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NETosis and venous thromboembolism: from mechanisms to practical implications.
Polish Archives of Internal Medicine
|April 28, 2026
Summary
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are crucial in venous thromboembolism (VTE) development, forming prothrombotic scaffolds. Targeting NETosis offers a potential therapeutic strategy for VTE and its complications.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular research
- Hematology
- Immunology
Background:
- Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are increasingly implicated in venous thromboembolism (VTE) pathogenesis.
- NETs create a prothrombotic environment by supporting platelet aggregation and coagulation.
- Clinical evidence supports the role of NETs in VTE severity and outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms linking NETs to thrombosis.
- To discuss diagnostic methods for NETosis in patients.
- To explore the clinical implications of NETs in VTE and its sequelae.
Main Methods:
- Review of animal models and in vitro studies on NETs and thrombosis.
- Analysis of clinical data on NETosis markers (citH3, cell-free DNA) in VTE patients.
- Examination of literature on NETs' role in VTE complications like PTS and CTEPH.
Main Results:
- NETs promote thrombosis by forming scaffolds, enhancing coagulation, and resisting fibrinolysis.
- Elevated NETosis markers correlate with VTE severity, adverse outcomes, and PE-related death.
- NETs are linked to post-thrombotic syndrome, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and potentially reduced anticoagulant efficacy.
Conclusions:
- NETs are key mediators in VTE, influencing disease progression and outcomes.
- NETosis markers can predict VTE severity and complications.
- Targeting NETosis presents a promising therapeutic avenue for VTE, though strategies are currently unavailable.
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