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Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

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Exploring Spatial Hearing Abilities in Children With Bilateral Cochlear Implants Using Three-Dimensional Virtual

Irem Karakuluk^1,2, Bekir Enes Özel³, Merve Ozbal Batuk¹

¹Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.

Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools

|April 28, 2026

Summary

Head movements significantly improve sound localization in children, including those with bilateral cochlear implants. Incorporating head mobility into auditory rehabilitation can enhance spatial hearing performance for better hearing outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Auditory perception research
Pediatric audiology
Cochlear implant technology

Background:

Sound localization is crucial for spatial hearing.
Bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) offer potential for improved hearing but challenges remain.
Understanding the role of head movements in sound localization for CI users is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of head movements on sound localization in children.
To compare sound localization abilities between normal-hearing children and those with simultaneous or sequential bilateral CIs.
To analyze the contribution of head mobility versus immobility to spatial hearing accuracy.

Main Methods:

A within-participant design comparing head mobile and immobile conditions.
Utilized virtual reality systems for three-dimensional sound localization testing.
Evaluated 21 normal-hearing children and 32 children with bilateral CIs (simultaneous and sequential).

Main Results:

Normal-hearing children and bilateral CI users showed significant improvements in sound localization with head movements.
Azimuth, front-back, and overall 3D errors were significantly reduced when head movements were allowed.
No significant differences in localization performance were found between simultaneous and sequential bilateral CI groups.

Conclusions:

Head movements enhance spatial hearing abilities in children, including those with bilateral CIs.
Auditory rehabilitation strategies should consider integrating head movements to improve hearing performance.
Further research may explore optimizing head movement integration for CI users.