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Liver Regeneration

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...

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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

Published on: September 13, 2014

Artificial Liver Support.

Hyung Kook Kim¹, David T Huang¹, Ali Al-Khafaji¹

¹Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine

|April 28, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial liver support systems offer potential benefits for acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients. While improving symptoms like encephalopathy, current systems do not definitively show a survival advantage.

Keywords:

acute liver failure acute-on-chronic liver failure artificial liver support

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Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

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Published on: September 13, 2014

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Area of Science:

Hepatology
Biomedical Engineering
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are associated with high mortality rates, often necessitating liver transplantation.
Artificial liver support systems (ALSS) are explored as bridge-to-transplant or recovery therapies for liver failure patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the efficacy and survival benefits of non-biological artificial liver (NBAL) and biological artificial liver (BAL) support systems in patients with ALF and ACLF.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on NBAL systems (e.g., plasma exchange, MARS, SPAD, Prometheus) and BAL systems (e.g., ELAD, HepatAssist, stem-cell-based).
Analysis of outcomes from pivotal randomized controlled trials (e.g., RELIEF, HELIOS, VTL-308) assessing survival, biochemical markers, and neurological function.

Main Results:

NBAL therapies consistently reduce bilirubin and improve encephalopathy, but major trials have not confirmed a survival advantage, except for plasma exchange in ALF.
BAL systems have shown biochemical and neurological improvements in early studies, but large trials failed to demonstrate significant survival benefits over standard care.

Conclusions:

While ALSS can ameliorate symptoms like encephalopathy, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis, current evidence does not establish a clear mortality benefit.
Artificial liver support systems currently function as supportive therapies rather than definitive cures for liver failure.