Advanced neuroimaging in PCOS: state-of-the-art techniques and emerging trends

Modern neuroimaging advances in methodology and data modelling allow for brain tissue structure and function to be imaged in increasing detail and specificity. These advances have promise when applied to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common multisystem condition associated with psycho-cognitive symptomatology and an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. This hot-topic review will outline three biological themes that encompass PCOS neurobiology and symptomatology and may benefit from the application of advanced neuroimaging techniques: i) the endocrine system and biorhythms, ii) the cerebrovascular system, and iii) neural structure and function. How modern neuroimaging advances can provide new insights to these areas will be discussed. While knowledge of brain health in PCOS is still an emerging field, advanced neuroimaging offers valuable opportunities to investigate the origins and enduring consequences of PCOS.