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Vacancy-Engineered Tungsten Nitride for Self-Powered NO2 Sensing.

Chonghui Zhu1, Yuxia Shan2,3, Zhaorui Zhang1

  • 1School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.

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|April 28, 2026
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Summary

A new platinum-free nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor uses engineered tungsten nitride (WN) for efficient room-temperature air quality monitoring. This breakthrough offers a low-cost, durable alternative for decentralized sensing applications.

Keywords:
NO2 detectionfuel-cell gas sensornitrogen vacanciesplatinum-free sensortungsten nitride (WN) sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Electrochemical gas sensors are crucial for air quality monitoring.
  • Platinum catalysts, while effective, are expensive and limit sensor scalability.
  • Developing noble-metal-free alternatives is essential for cost-effective sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a platinum-free electrochemical sensor for nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
  • To investigate the performance of vacancy-engineered tungsten nitride (WN) for NO2 sensing at room temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a sensor using defect-engineered tungsten nitride (WN).
  • Characterization of WN material with a focus on nitrogen vacancies.
  • Performance evaluation of the sensor for NO2 detection, including sensitivity, response/recovery times, and stability.

Main Results:

  • The vacancy-engineered WN sensor demonstrated high sensitivity (0.247 μA·ppm⁻¹) and a significant current response (11.8 μA at 50 ppm NO2).
  • Achieved ultrafast response and recovery times of 9.6 s and 11.6 s, respectively.
  • Exhibited excellent long-term stability, exceeding 150 days, and feasibility for real-world application in vehicle exhaust monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Defect-engineered tungsten nitride is a viable, noble-metal-free alternative for NO2 sensing.
  • This approach enables low-cost, durable, and decentralized air quality monitoring solutions.
  • The developed sensor technology holds promise for advanced environmental sensing applications.