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Stroke in children: Consensus on diagnosis and treatment

Pablo E Petracca1, Alejandro Siaba Serrate2, Mónica A R Centeno1

  • 1Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.

Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria
|April 28, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric stroke (PS) diagnosis requires early recognition due to significant risks. Improving care for pediatric stroke involves multidisciplinary training and protocols for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Pediatric stroke (PS) affects children from birth to 18 years, presenting as ischemic or hemorrhagic types.
  • Despite low incidence, PS carries substantial morbidity and mortality.
  • Delayed diagnosis is common due to low clinical suspicion and age-specific symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the critical need for early recognition in pediatric stroke.
  • To highlight the role of neuroimaging in diagnosis.
  • To outline strategies for improving patient care and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic modalities, including MRI and CT scans.
  • Discussion of treatment options for ischemic pediatric stroke, such as reperfusion therapies.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to delayed diagnosis and potential solutions.

Main Results:

  • Neuroimaging (MRI, CT) is fundamental for confirming pediatric stroke.
  • Reperfusion therapies are viable for selected ischemic cases.
  • Hospital mortality is 3-6% for ischemic PS, higher for hemorrhagic forms, with long-term risks like epilepsy.

Conclusions:

  • Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential for better pediatric stroke outcomes.
  • Improving care necessitates educational tools and multidisciplinary training for healthcare teams.
  • Implementation requires adaptation and professional education, not necessarily additional resources.

Keywords:
early diagnosisneuroimagingstrokethrombectomythrombolytic therapy

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