Maternal vaccination in the immunization era: implementation, uptake, and emerging vaccines

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Public Health
• Obstetrics

Background:

• Pregnancy involves significant physiological and immunological changes, increasing susceptibility to infections.
• Vaccine-preventable diseases like influenza, pertussis, COVID-19, and RSV pose risks to maternal and infant health.
• Maternal vaccines are safe and effective, yet global uptake is suboptimal.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current landscape of maternal immunization programs globally.
• To identify challenges and disparities in vaccine uptake among pregnant populations.
• To emphasize the importance of strengthening perinatal health protection through vaccination.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of scientific literature, global health publications, and national immunization guidelines.
• Analysis of the immunological adaptations during pregnancy.
• Examination of vaccine recommendations, safety profiles, and schedules in diverse economic settings.

Main Results:

• Key maternal vaccines include influenza, Tdap, COVID-19, and RSV.
• Significant global disparities exist in maternal vaccine coverage.
• Sociocultural factors and access barriers contribute to vaccine hesitancy and suboptimal uptake.

Conclusions:

• Maternal immunization is vital for protecting pregnant individuals, fetuses, and newborns.
• Addressing challenges in immunization programs is essential to improve global vaccine coverage.
• Further efforts are needed to overcome barriers and promote equitable access to maternal vaccines.