Aloysia gratissima: description, scope, popular uses, chemical composition, medicinal potential and toxicity

Aloysia gratissima is a medicinal plant traditionally used for gastrointestinal disorders and respiratory infections. This review analyzes its phytochemical profile and pharmacological potential. The search was conducted for the term "Aloysia gratissima" in PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, studies published between 2000-2025 are analysed. The following were raised 262 records, 98 met the inclusion criteria. The compiled information encompasses its distribution, morphology, traditional uses and non-pharmacological applications. Phytochemical analysis revealed 41 compounds in extracts, notably rutin and verbascoside, and 195 in essential oils, predominantly humulene, limonene, and caryophyllene oxide. Reported activities include antioxidant, antidepressant, neuroprotective, antispasmodic, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antiviral effects. While some in vitro studies indicate cytotoxicity, in vivo data generally rule out such effects. A. gratissima presents significant pharmacological potential, however, further studies are needed to clarify its toxicity and establish stronger links between its chemical constituents and biological effects.