Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners
Analgesia and Pain Management
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs
You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
Published on: June 10, 2013
Monica Kogan1, Kyleen Jan, Amelia Hummel
1From the Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Effective pain management in pediatric orthopaedics is crucial. This review examines the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America guidelines to optimize pain control and address opioid misuse concerns.
Area of Science:
Background:
Purpose of the Study:
Main Methods:
Main Results:
Conclusions: