Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 30, 2026
08:32
Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
Published on: March 2, 2014
9.8K
Transcriptomic-proteomic integration reveals RNGTT as a critical host factor mediating the replication of virulent
Zexin Chen1, Yihui Huang1, Mingchong Li1
1School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, China.
Veterinary Microbiology
|April 28, 2026
Summary
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) causes significant swine industry losses. Multi-omics identified RNGTT as a key host target for virulent SADS-CoV, offering potential for antiviral drug development.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
Background:
- Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) poses a significant threat to the global swine industry, causing substantial economic losses.
- Understanding host-pathogen interactions is crucial for developing effective antiviral strategies against SADS-CoV.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify differentially expressed host genes and proteins in response to virulent (P17) and attenuated (P117) SADS-CoV infections.
- To discover host targets for antiviral drug development by comparing multi-omics data between infection strains.
Main Methods:
- IPI-FX cells were infected with virulent (P17) or attenuated (P117) SADS-CoV strains.
- Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) and proteins (DEPs).
- Integrated multi-omics analysis and gene knockdown experiments were used to identify key host targets.
Main Results:
- Multi-omics analysis revealed distinct host responses to virulent P17 infection compared to attenuated P117 infection and controls.
- A total of 927 DEMs and 404 DEPs were identified in P17-infected cells, with 58 mRNA-protein pairs enriched in immune and signaling pathways.
- Knockdown of RNGTT significantly inhibited virulent P17 replication, but not attenuated P117 replication.
Conclusions:
- RNGTT was identified as a critical host target specifically for virulent SADS-CoV replication.
- These findings provide valuable insights into SADS-CoV-host interactions and suggest RNGTT as a potential target for novel antiviral therapies.
- Combining attenuated SADS-CoV vaccines with antiviral agents targeting RNGTT may offer a dual strategy for disease control.
Related Concept Videos
02:28Leaky Scanning
4.5K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
4.5K
01:03Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
5.2K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
5.2K
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
1.5K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.5K
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
43.0K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
43.0K
02:33Retroviruses
12.0K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.0K
00:36Viral Mutations
33.0K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
33.0K