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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

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Stimuli-Responsive Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Targeted Cancer Drug Delivery.

Riya Ghosh1, Md Sajid Hasan1, Suraj Gothwal1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|April 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) offer advanced platforms for targeted cancer drug delivery. These stimuli-responsive nanocarriers precisely release drugs within the tumor microenvironment, enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
controlled releasestimuli-responsive drug deliverytargeted cancer nanomedicinetumor microenvironmentzirconium-based metal−organic frameworks

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as versatile nanoplatforms for cancer drug delivery due to their high porosity, tunable structures, and modifiable surfaces.
  • Zirconium-based MOFs (Zr-MOFs) are particularly promising due to their chemical stability, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization.
  • Stimuli-responsive Zr-MOFs leverage tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics (e.g., pH, redox, enzymes) or external triggers (light, heat, ultrasound) for precise drug release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of endogenous, exogenous, and multi-stimuli-responsive Zr-MOF nanoplatforms for targeted cancer drug delivery.
  • To discuss key Zr-MOF structures, design strategies for stimulus-responsiveness, and structure-stimulus-function relationships.
  • To critically analyze representative examples regarding drug loading, release, targeting, and efficacy, while also addressing limitations and future perspectives.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent literature on stimuli-responsive Zr-MOFs for cancer therapy.
  • Analysis of Zr-MOF structural families and design principles for achieving stimulus-responsive drug delivery.
  • Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo studies on Zr-MOF nanomedicines, focusing on drug loading, release kinetics, targeting efficiency, and anticancer efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Zr-MOFs exhibit excellent control over drug loading, surface functionalization, and stimulus-triggered release.
  • Stimuli-responsive Zr-MOFs demonstrate precise and tumor-selective drug delivery by responding to TME cues or external stimuli.
  • Various Zr-MOF designs show promising in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy, with tailored release mechanisms and targeting strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Stimuli-responsive Zr-MOFs represent a powerful strategy for developing advanced targeted cancer nanomedicines.
  • Understanding structure-stimulus-function relationships is crucial for optimizing therapeutic performance.
  • Further research addressing biosafety, degradation, tumor heterogeneity, and clinical translation is needed for next-generation Zr-MOF nanomedicines.