Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
Published on: November 11, 2016
Revitalizing the "biology" in "chronobiology"
Carl Hirschie Johnson1, Charlotte Helfrich-Förster2, Roelof A Hut3
1Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. carl.h.johnson@vanderbilt.edu.
None:
Studies of biological timekeeping have now matured from investigations of a fascinating and ubiquitous phenomenon into a discipline with practical applications; the excitement surrounding such translation has been overwhelming, perhaps at the expense of eclipsing further pursuit of basic research. Here we advocate that the ultimate success of applying chronobiological principles to address human and environmental needs will depend on the continued support of a robust agenda of fundamental research.
Related Concept Videos
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
Chronopharmacokinetics: Time-Dependent Pharmacokinetics
Time-dependent pharmacokinetics refers to non-cyclical changes in drug rate processes over a period of time. It can lead to nonlinear pharmacokinetics, where the relationship between drug concentration and time is not proportional. Non-cyclical...
Sleep-Wake Cycles
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:

