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Muscles of the Abdomen

Muscles of the Abdomen

The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
Anterolateral Region
The anterolateral region comprises five paired muscles classified into the lateral and...

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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

A Case Series of Successful Abdominal Closure Utilizing a Novel Technique Combining a Mechanical Closure System with a Biologic Xenograft that Accelerates Wound Healing

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ADAMTS1 Is Required for Ventral Abdominal Wall Closure.

Gabriel Opoku¹, Kentaro Ikemura¹, Omer F Hatipoglu¹

¹Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.

The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry : Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society

|April 29, 2026

Summary

ADAMTS1, a key protein in tissue remodeling, is essential for proper abdominal wall closure in mice. Its deficiency causes neonatal lethal omphalocele, a birth defect involving persistent umbilical hernia.

Keywords:

ADAMTS PITX2 embryogenesis extracellular matrix remodeling omphalocele ventral abdominal wall development versican

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

ADAMTS1 (a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin type 1 repeats) is a secreted metalloproteinase involved in extracellular matrix remodeling.
Previous studies reported conflicting outcomes regarding embryonic lethality in Adamts1 mutant mice.

Purpose of the Study:

To generate and characterize a new Adamts1 knockout (KO) allele to investigate its role in development.
To identify novel Adamts1-dependent phenotypes and understand the underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Generation and characterization of a new Adamts1 KO mouse model.
Analysis of birth defects using β-galactosidase staining in lacZ insertion mutants.
Histological examination of omphalocele phenotype, including proteoglycan accumulation and muscle layer development.
Assessment of transcription factor expression (Pitx2) in wild-type and KO embryos.

Main Results:

A new neonatal lethal phenotype, omphalocele (persistent umbilical hernia), was identified in Adamts1 KO mice.
Omphalocele was associated with versican accumulation, reduced proteolysis, and impaired panniculus carnosus development.
Adamts1 expression was detected in ventral abdominal wall cells during embryonic development.
Sustained expression of paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (Pitx2) was observed in KO embryos, unlike wild-type.

Conclusions:

ADAMTS1 is a critical matrisome component required for embryonic body wall closure.
Disruption of ADAMTS1 function leads to omphalocele due to impaired extracellular matrix remodeling and muscle development.
ADAMTS1 plays a role in regulating Pitx2 expression during late embryogenesis, impacting ventral closure.