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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

112.8K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
112.8K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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8.3K
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

23.4K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
23.4K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

46.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

62.5K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
62.5K
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

216
The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
216

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Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Transforming Interfacial Reactivity Into Stability for Durable High-Current Solid-State Sodium Batteries.

Le Xiang1, Fayang Guan2, Hengxiang Wang1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a self-regulating interface for solid-state batteries using cobalt-modified electrolytes. This innovation enhances stability and enables high-current operation, paving the way for durable batteries.

Keywords:
composite electrolyteinterfacial stabilitymixed ionic‐electronic conducting interphasesolid‐state batteriestri‐layer electrolyte

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Batteries

Background:

  • Interfacial instability is a major challenge for oxide-based solid-state batteries (SSBs).
  • Achieving long-term stability and high performance in SSBs requires addressing these interfacial issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a self-regulating mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) interface for enhanced SSB stability.
  • To transform interfacial reactivity into long-term operational stability in SSBs.

Main Methods:

  • Introducing cobalt into NASICON-type Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) to form a dual-phase NaCoPO4/NZSP composite electrolyte.
  • Developing a tri-layer electrolyte architecture with cobalt-modified outer layers and a pristine NZSP core.
  • Analyzing the reaction-derived nanoporous interphase with embedded Co nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • The cobalt-modified interface evolved into a stable, nanoporous structure during cycling, enhancing active area and homogenizing ion flux.
  • Optimized cells demonstrated a critical current density of 7.3 mA cm⁻² at 60°C and sustained cycling over 3000 hours.
  • Full cells exhibited over 99% capacity retention after 1200 cycles at 2 C.

Conclusions:

  • The developed interfacial chemistry provides a tunable design principle for durable, high-current solid-state metal batteries.
  • This approach effectively stabilizes interfaces, overcoming key obstacles in SSB technology.