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Related Concept Videos

Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice
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Gut-Brain Connection: Deciphering Causal Pathways Between Gut Microbiota and Neuroimaging Profiles Through Mendelian

Yule Zeng1, Longtao Yang1, Hui Liu2

  • 1Department of Radiology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China.

Food Science & Nutrition
|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiome influences brain connectivity, with specific bacteria affecting networks like the default mode network. This bidirectional relationship in the gut-brain axis offers insights for microbiome-based interventions.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationbrain imaging‐derived phenotypesfunctional connectivitygut microbiotastructural connectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The gut-brain axis (GBA) links gut microbiome activity to brain function, but causal links to brain connectivity are unclear.
  • Understanding how gut microbiota impacts mood and cognition is crucial for GBA research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) of functional and structural connectivity.
  • To explore the bidirectional interactions within the gut-brain axis using a Mendelian randomization approach.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data.
  • Employed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
  • Analyzed 196 gut microbiome taxa and seven resting-state networks (RSNs) from UK Biobank (UKB) data.

Main Results:

  • Forward MR identified specific bacteria (e.g., Ruminococcus torques, Terrisporobacter) influencing default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) connectivity.
  • Reverse MR showed associations between functional connectivity of DAN/ventral attention network (VAN) and specific bacterial abundances (e.g., Alloprevotella).
  • Structural connectivity of frontoparietal network (FPN) and somatomotor network (SMN) were linked to reduced abundance of certain bacterial groups (e.g., Bacilli).

Conclusions:

  • Established causal evidence for gut microbiome's influence on brain network connectivity.
  • Supported a bidirectional regulatory pattern in the gut-brain axis.
  • Provided a theoretical basis for microbiome-based interventions targeting emotional regulation, cognition, and neurodevelopment.