Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.5K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.5K
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

4.9K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
4.9K
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

6.3K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
6.3K
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

2.6K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
2.6K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

7.0K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Society for Translational Medicine consensus on postoperative management of EGFR-mutant lung cancer (2019 edition).

Translational lung cancer research·2020
Same author

Clinical guidelines on perioperative management strategies for enhanced recovery after lung surgery.

Translational lung cancer research·2020
Same author

Physical and oxidative stability of chicken oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by chicken protein hydrolysates.

Food science & nutrition·2020
Same author

An outbreak of norovirus-related acute gastroenteritis associated with delivery food in Guangzhou, southern China.

BMC public health·2020
Same author

Expression and significance of c-kit and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) molecules in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).

Journal of thoracic disease·2020
Same author

Fabrication and characterization of zein/lactoferrin composite nanoparticles for encapsulating 7,8-dihydroxyflavone: Enhancement of stability, water solubility and bioaccessibility.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
12:52

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Published on: November 28, 2015

15.6K

Decoding the immune microenvironment: precision immunotherapy for medulloblastoma subtypes.

Mengyuan Li1, Jihong Peng2, Chun Chen1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Three Gorges University and Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medulloblastoma subtypes have unique immune microenvironments. Tailoring precision immunotherapy to these specific immune landscapes, including CAR T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockades, is key for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
CAR-T cell therapyimmune checkpoint blockadeimmunotherapymedulloblastoma subtypestumor immune microenvironment

More Related Videos

Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice
05:10

Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice

Published on: October 3, 2010

11.6K
Stereotactic Adoptive Transfer of Cytotoxic Immune Cells in Murine Models of Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts
11:15

Stereotactic Adoptive Transfer of Cytotoxic Immune Cells in Murine Models of Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts

Published on: September 1, 2018

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
12:52

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Published on: November 28, 2015

15.6K
Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice
05:10

Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice

Published on: October 3, 2010

11.6K
Stereotactic Adoptive Transfer of Cytotoxic Immune Cells in Murine Models of Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts
11:15

Stereotactic Adoptive Transfer of Cytotoxic Immune Cells in Murine Models of Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts

Published on: September 1, 2018

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Medulloblastoma, a severe pediatric brain tumor, presents with four distinct molecular subtypes: WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4.
  • Each subtype exhibits unique genetic drivers and a specific tumor immune microenvironment (TIME).
  • The TIME, comprising immune cells, astrocytes, and vasculature, significantly impacts tumor progression and treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distinct immune characteristics of each medulloblastoma subtype.
  • To explore how subtype-specific immune landscapes influence tumor biology and therapeutic responses.
  • To discuss emerging and established precision immunotherapy strategies tailored to medulloblastoma subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on medulloblastoma molecular subtypes and their associated immune microenvironments.
  • Analysis of immune cell populations (e.g., TAMs, T cells, NK cells, B cells) and immune checkpoint molecules (e.g., PD-L1, CD47) within each subtype.
  • Examination of novel therapeutic approaches including CAR T-cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, and combination therapies.

Main Results:

  • SHH subtype is characterized by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with debated roles.
  • Group 3 medulloblastoma shows cytotoxic T cells often suppressed by PD-L1, leading to T cell exhaustion.
  • Group 4 tumors are associated with natural killer (NK) and B cells.
  • Tumor-associated astrocytes (TAAs) and abnormal vasculature are common across subtypes, affecting tumor behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the subtype-specific immune heterogeneity in medulloblastoma is critical.
  • Precision immunotherapy must be customized based on the molecular and immune profiles of each subtype.
  • Targeting specific antigens (B7-H3, GD2), immune checkpoints (PD-1/PD-L1, CD47-SIRPα), and modulating the TIME offer promising avenues for improved treatment outcomes.