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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
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Parents align American Sign Language (ASL) input with deaf children's gaze.

Paris Gappmayr1, Naomi Caselli1, Amy M Lieberman1

  • 1Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University.

Language Acquisition
|April 29, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deaf children perceive about half of the signs their parents produce during play. Parents adjust their signing to ensure deaf children see the signs, especially with younger children.

Keywords:
Sign language acquisitiongaze developmentparent inputsign perceptionvisual attention

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Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Linguistics
  • Sign Language Acquisition

Background:

  • Deaf children require visual access to caregivers for sign language acquisition.
  • Gaze behavior is crucial for mediating linguistic input in sign language.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the amount of linguistic input deaf children perceive from their parents.
  • To identify factors influencing sign perception in young deaf children.

Main Methods:

  • Naturalistic observation of play sessions between deaf children and their parents.
  • Videotaping and coding of American Sign Language (ASL) signs, child gaze, and attention-getting cues.
  • Analysis of perception rates based on child age, parent status (deaf/hearing), and sign position.

Main Results:

  • Deaf children fully perceived 30% of signed tokens and partially perceived an additional 17%.
  • Sign perception was higher for older children and those with deaf parents.
  • Sign position within an utterance also influenced perception rates.

Conclusions:

  • Parents are attuned to their deaf child's gaze and strategically time signs for optimal visual reception.
  • Parental sensitivity to gaze and utterance timing supports sign language acquisition in deaf children.
  • Findings highlight the dynamic interplay between child attention and parental input in early sign language development.