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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Fluorimetric Techniques for the Assessment of Sperm Membranes

Fluorimetric Techniques for the Assessment of Sperm Membranes

Published on: November 28, 2018

Quantifying the exposure-response relationship between temperature exposure and semen quality.

Guangyuan Liu^1,2, Jiaxin Liu¹, Yawen Liu^1,3

¹School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Frontiers in Public Health

|April 29, 2026

Summary

High apparent temperature (AT) negatively impacts sperm motility, especially within 90 days before donation. Optimal semen quality is linked to temperatures between 17.57-22.69°C, highlighting the need to avoid heat exposure.

Keywords:

excessive temperature exposure-response nonlinear optimal temperature semen quality threshold

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Reproductive Biology
Epidemiology

Background:

High ambient temperatures are known to affect male reproductive health.
The precise exposure-response relationship between apparent temperature (AT) and semen quality requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the correlations and nonlinear relationships between apparent temperature (AT) exposure and key semen quality parameters.
To identify potential threshold effects in the association between AT and semen quality.

Main Methods:

Utilized multivariate linear regression models to analyze data from 5,114 participants.
Employed restricted cubic spline (RCS) and piecewise regression to assess nonlinear and threshold effects.
Examined AT exposure in relation to semen quality parameters over various lag periods.

Main Results:

A 1°C increase in AT was associated with significant declines in progressive motility (-2.1165%) and total motility (-4.8823%).
AT negatively impacted sperm motility, particularly during lag periods of 15-69 and 70-90 days.
Nonlinear analysis revealed an inverse U-shaped association between AT and sperm motility, with optimal semen quality observed between 17.57-22.69°C.

Conclusions:

Elevated apparent temperature exposure in the 90 days preceding donation is linked to reduced semen quality.
Avoiding excessive heat exposure, especially within a critical 2-week pre-donation window, is crucial for maintaining optimal semen quality.