Borate bioglass-incorporated xanthan hydrogel as an effective hemostat

Hemostasis is an important part of surgical operations and trauma and wound care, and it prevents bleeding in three stages: vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation and coagulation. Borate bioglass (BBG) is a biocompatible material used in bone regeneration and repair. In borate bioglass-incorporated hemostasis hydrogels, the clotting process is facilitated by the release of ions such as boron, calcium, and sodium. The ions play a significant role in the coagulation cascade and are important in promoting platelet adhesion. Such hydrogels are biocompatible and biodegradable, which makes them ideal candidates for hemostatic applications. Herein, we synthesized borate bioglass nanoparticles and characterized them by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, and TEM. Antibacterial investigations demonstrated the good inhibition ability of these nanoparticles against wound pathogens. Blood clotting time analysis, blood clot index, RBC aggregation, PT and aPTT, D dimer assay, platelet aggregation, thrombus weight and hemolysis assay are done for borate bioglass. A BBG-incorporated xanthan hydrogel exhibited a remarkable hemostatic property, as demonstrated by in vivo analysis, with a blood clotting time of 90 s in a liver model, 164 s in a tail amputation model, and 211 s in a femoral artery model.