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  3. How Psychological Trauma Affects Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis.
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  3. How Psychological Trauma Affects Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis.

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How Psychological Trauma Affects Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Patrizia Velotti1, Guyonne Rogier2, Francesca Favieri1

  • 1Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome.

Clinical Neuropsychiatry
|April 29, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychological trauma significantly impairs cognitive functions like attention and executive functions. Posttraumatic stress disorder further affects memory, processing speed, and global cognition, highlighting the need for clinical guidelines.

Keywords:
cognitive functionmeta-analysispsychological trauma, PTSD

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Research indicates a link between psychological trauma and cognitive impairments, affecting information processing, attention, and memory.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for clinical practice, but existing literature lacks systematization.
  • This study aims to consolidate empirical findings on trauma and cognitive outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the impact of psychological trauma on cognitive functioning.
  • To investigate cognitive deficits associated with trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • To provide a comprehensive perspective on the relationship between trauma and cognition for clinical guidance.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, etc.) following PRISMA principles.
  • Studies were screened using PICOS criteria, and 29 independent contributions were included in the meta-analysis.
  • A random effects model was employed to compute effect sizes and assess between-group differences.

    • Main Results:

    • Psychological trauma significantly impacts cognitive domains, with affected individuals exhibiting poorer cognitive functioning, especially in attention and executive functions.
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with broader cognitive impairments, including deficits in memory, processing speed, visuospatial processing, and global cognitive functioning.
    • Meta-analyses confirmed a direct association between trauma exposure and cognitive decline.

    Conclusions:

    • The study confirms a direct link between psychological trauma and impaired cognitive functioning.
    • Findings underscore the importance of considering cognitive deficits in trauma survivors.
    • Further research into the characteristics of traumatic experiences is needed to develop clear clinical guidelines.