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Epidemiology and Disease Burden of Hospitalised Children With Invasive Fungal Infection in China, 2016-2022

Wenya Feng1, Xinyu Wang2, Guoshuang Feng2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, National Center for Children's Infectious and Allergic Diseases Surveillance, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Core Technologies for the Prevention and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Children, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, 100045 Beijing, China.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)
|April 29, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in Chinese children are increasing, with Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus being the most common. These infections lead to a significant mortality rate of 14.48% in hospitalised children.

Area of Science:

  • Paediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) pose a significant global health threat, especially to children, causing high mortality and long-term complications.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and burden of IFIs in paediatric populations is crucial for effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the epidemiological patterns of IFIs in hospitalised children in China.
  • To quantify the disease burden, including incidence, pathogen distribution, and mortality rates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of discharge medical records from 30 tertiary children's hospitals in China (2016-2022).
  • Systematic review of sociodemographic data, disease spectrum, causative pathogens, risk factors, and length of stay.
  • Utilisation of the FUTang Updating medical REcords (FUTURE) database for data aggregation.

Main Results:

  • A total of 1250 IFI cases were identified, showing an increasing incidence trend since 2019.
  • Predominant pathogens included Candida (25.36%), Aspergillus (23.71%), and Cryptococcus (22.06%).
  • The overall mortality rate was 14.48%, with pneumonia, CNS infections, and bloodstream infections being common manifestations. Haematological malignancies were a key risk factor.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of IFIs in hospitalised Chinese children has risen since 2019, with significant contributions from Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus.
  • These infections are linked to a substantial mortality rate (14.48%), emphasizing the need for improved surveillance and early diagnosis.
  • Targeted therapeutic strategies are essential to mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with IFIs in this vulnerable paediatric population.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrenepidemiologyhaematological malignancyhospitalisationinvasive fungal infection

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