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Related Concept Videos

Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

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Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

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Long-Term Ex Vivo Human Skin Models for Burn Injury Research: A Scoping Review.

Charlotte Dermaux1, Nathalie Roche1,2, Karel E Y Claes1,2

  • 1Burn Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.

Wound Repair and Regeneration : Official Publication of the Wound Healing Society [And] the European Tissue Repair Society
|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Long-term human burn wound models are needed. Ex vivo human skin explants show potential for extended culture, but standardization is required for accurate burn healing research.

Keywords:
alternative to animal modelsburn injuryhuman ex vivo skin modelpreclinical burn researchwound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Wound Healing Research

Background:

  • Human burn wounds present complex, depth-dependent healing over extended periods (beyond 21 days).
  • Existing in vitro, engineered skin, and animal models inadequately replicate human burn wound characteristics.
  • Ex vivo human skin explants offer native tissue architecture but require further definition for long-term viability and regenerative studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and map methodologies for thermally induced burn models using ex vivo human skin.
  • To identify factors enabling extended culture and long-term viability in these models.
  • To assess the potential of ex vivo human skin for modeling human burn wound healing.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Searched PubMed and Web of Science (2015-2025) for studies on thermal burns in ex vivo human skin.
  • Descriptive charting of burn induction, culture duration, viability, healing endpoints, and applications.

Main Results:

  • Seven studies reported culture durations from 3 to 27 days.
  • Optimized strategies like air-liquid interface culture and mechanical stabilization achieved viability beyond two weeks.
  • Burn depth significantly influenced survival and regeneration; re-epithelialization occurred only in superficial/partial-thickness burns.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term ex vivo human skin models hold translational potential for burn wound research.
  • Methodological standardization is crucial for enhancing the reliability and application of these models.
  • Burn depth is a critical factor determining outcomes in ex vivo human burn models.