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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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Recognition of real and artificial intelligence-generated faces.

Nicole Sulimani1, Alexis van Hunenstijn1, Andrea Albonico1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, Canada.

Perception
|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human and artificial intelligence (AI)-generated faces are recognized differently in memory tasks. While people can distinguish AI faces, they may not be aware of their improved recognition accuracy for AI-generated content.

Keywords:
Face recognitionartificial intelligencecovert recognitiongenerative AIresponse bias

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly capable of generating human-like content, including faces.
  • AI-generated faces offer flexibility and convenience for psychological research on face perception.
  • Existing research presents conflicting evidence on whether AI faces are distinguishable from real faces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if human and AI-generated faces are recognized similarly in memory tasks.
  • To determine if recognition accuracy for faces relates to participants' evaluation of those faces.
  • To explore potential differences in how AI and real faces engage human perceptual and memory systems.

Main Methods:

  • A memory task was designed to compare the recognition of human and AI-generated faces.
  • Participants' ability to classify faces as human or AI-generated was assessed.
  • The correlation between recognition accuracy and classification accuracy was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Recognition accuracy was significantly higher for AI-generated faces compared to real human faces.
  • Participants could accurately classify faces as either human or AI-generated above chance levels, with no significant difference between the two.
  • Recognition and classification accuracy were not significantly correlated, indicating a potential lack of awareness regarding improved performance with AI faces.

Conclusions:

  • Humans can effectively discriminate between AI-generated and real faces.
  • AI-generated faces may be recognized more readily than real faces, suggesting different engagement with human perceptual and memory systems.
  • Despite improved performance, participants may not be consciously aware of their enhanced ability to recognize AI-generated faces.