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Related Concept Videos

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range01:13

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

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Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
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Angle of Twist: Problem Solving01:13

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An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the...
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Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

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In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
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Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts01:10

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In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
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Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts01:18

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Consider the elastic torsion formula, which applies to a circular shaft with a consistent cross-section. This formula assumes that the shaft's ends are loaded with rigid plates firmly attached. However, in many cases, torques are applied to the shaft through mechanisms like flange couplings or gears, which are connected by keys inserted into keyways. This application method modifies the stress distribution near the point of torque application, causing it to deviate from the distributions...
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The shaft PQ is subjected to a twisting force when equal and opposite torques are applied on either side. A section that cuts perpendicular to the shaft's axis at any arbitrary point R is examined to understand this. When the free-body diagram of the QR segment is analyzed, it reveals the shearing forces exerted by the PR portion onto the QR segment as the shaft experiences twisting.
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Analysis of twist-rate effects in a progressive-rifling barrel using finite element method.

Chien-Chih Lai1, Shigan Deng2, Chun-Cheng Lin2

  • 1School of Defense Science, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC.

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Summary

Progressive rifling in chain-gun barrels significantly impacts projectile spin and stress, with twist exponent being key. Optimal design balances stability and stress for improved performance under high pressure.

Keywords:
engraving stressfinite element methodinterior ballisticsprogressive riflingrotating band

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Area of Science:

  • * Mechanical Engineering
  • * Ballistics
  • * Finite Element Analysis

Background:

  • * Chain-gun barrels utilize progressive rifling for projectile stabilization.
  • * Understanding the influence of rifling parameters on interior ballistics and stress is crucial for design optimization.
  • * Previous models often simplify the complex interactions within the barrel during firing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To develop a nonlinear finite element model for a chain-gun barrel with progressive rifling.
  • * To investigate the impact of twist-law parameters (twist exponent 'n' and muzzle exit angle 'αE') on interior ballistic behavior and rifling-induced stresses.
  • * To establish a quantitative basis for optimizing progressive-rifling barrel designs.

Main Methods:

  • * Development of a nonlinear finite element model for a 30 mm chain-gun barrel.
  • * Characterization of progressive twist using twist exponent (n) and muzzle exit angle (αE).
  • * Evaluation of projectile translation, spin evolution, and rotating-band engraving stresses.

Main Results:

  • * Muzzle velocity and axial acceleration are primarily driven by chamber pressure, showing little sensitivity to rifling geometry.
  • * The twist exponent (n) significantly influences spin-rate growth and circumferential stresses from band engraving (>30% variation).
  • * A twist exponent of n = 1.6 demonstrated balanced stress response and stable spin development.

Conclusions:

  • * Progressive rifling design, particularly the twist exponent, directly controls stress concentrations along rifling lands.
  • * A recommended design range of n = 1.6 and αE = 7°-8° balances gyroscopic stability and engraving stresses.
  • * The developed finite element model provides a framework for optimizing chain-gun barrels under high-pressure conditions.