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A case report of infective endocarditis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a child

Qin Peng1, Yuan Lin2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, HeFei, 230051, China.

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Infective endocarditis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a rare complication in children. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing aided diagnosis in this blood culture-negative case, leading to successful treatment with doxycycline.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection can lead to rare extrapulmonary complications.
  • Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious condition affecting heart valves and inner lining.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical features and management of pediatric IE caused by M. pneumoniae.
  • To enhance understanding and provide clinical insights for diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a pediatric IE case caused by M. pneumoniae.
  • Diagnosis utilized transthoracic echocardiography and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).

Main Results:

  • A 9-year-old boy with M. pneumoniae pneumonia developed IE with a right ventricular vegetation.
  • M. pneumoniae was identified by mNGS in blood specimens; conventional cultures were negative.
  • Successful treatment with doxycycline led to vegetation resolution and good recovery.

Conclusions:

  • M. pneumoniae pneumonia can complicate with IE in children.
  • mNGS is valuable for diagnosing blood culture-negative IE.
  • Treatment should consider antimicrobial resistance and potential anti-inflammatory/anticoagulant therapies.
Keywords:
Blood culture-negativeChildInfective endocarditisMycoplasma pneumoniae

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