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Analysis and updates to the IMPROVE Equation for estimating light extinction.

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Summary

A revised algorithm for calculating visibility impairment in Class I areas improves accuracy. The new method corrects biases in tracking long-term haze trends, crucial for the Regional Haze Rule.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric science
  • Environmental monitoring
  • Air quality research

Background:

  • The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 mandate visibility protection in Class I areas.
  • Visibility degradation (haze) is assessed using aerosol data from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network.
  • Current algorithms reconstruct light extinction from aerosol mass concentrations, impacting Regional Haze Rule (RHR) trend analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of the current IMPROVE light extinction algorithm.
  • To identify biases in visibility trend assessments due to the existing algorithm.
  • To propose and validate a revised algorithm for more accurate visibility trend analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated the current IMPROVE reconstructed light extinction algorithm against measured light scattering (bsp) data from co-located nephelometers.
  • Extended previous evaluations (2001-2016) through 2024 to assess long-term performance.
  • Developed and tested a revised algorithm (Third IMPROVE Equation) by removing mass-dependent Mass Extinction Efficiencies (MSEs) and updating aerosol composition.

Main Results:

  • The current Second IMPROVE Equation introduces spatial and temporal biases in visibility trends, primarily due to parameterized MSEs.
  • Extending the evaluation period confirmed persistent biases in visibility trend estimations.
  • The proposed Third IMPROVE Equation demonstrates improved consistency with measured light scattering and long-term trends.

Conclusions:

  • The current algorithm used for the EPA's Regional Haze Rule introduces significant biases in visibility trend tracking.
  • A revised algorithm, based on the First IMPROVE Equation, offers a more scientifically accurate representation of long-term visibility trends.
  • Implementing the revised algorithm would minimally impact RHR tracking metrics while improving data reliability for regulatory purposes.