Valorization of Moroccan flora in green nanotechnology: review

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-innovative approach that meets the growing demands for sustainability and safety in the field of nanoscience. In this context, Moroccan flora, renowned for its metabolic richness, endemism and traditional use represents a promising and still under-exploited source. This review provides a critical synthesis of recent advances in the use of Moroccan plants in the green synthesis of metallic NPs. It highlights the biochemical mechanisms of reduction and stabilization, the major classes of metabolites involved and the parameters influencing the morphology and functionality of NPs. Several examples of studies conducted on local species are analyzed, highlighting their potential in biomedical, cosmetic and environmental applications. Finally, the potential economic and industrial benefits of this plant valorization are discussed in the context of a Moroccan model of sustainable development and biotechnological innovation.