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Designing and Evaluating Digital Mental Health Interventions: Scoping Review.

Sarah Zainab Mbawa1,2, Roelof Anne Jelle de Vries2, Luciano Cavalcante Siebert1

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This scoping review identifies key design principles and evaluation methods for digital mental health interventions (DMHIs). It proposes 8 guidelines to improve the development and assessment of these crucial mental health support tools.

Keywords:
design principlesdigital interventionsevaluation approachesguidelinesmental health care

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Health
  • Mental Healthcare Technology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Digital interventions offer scalable mental health support.
  • Effectiveness of digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) hinges on design and evaluation.
  • Lack of clear consensus on best practices for DMHI design and evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate design principles and evaluation approaches for DMHIs.
  • Report on how these principles and approaches are applied in research.
  • Outline best practices for developing and evaluating digital mental health tools.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched SCOPUS and Web of Science databases (Jan 2024-Jan 2025).
  • Two independent reviewers screened 401 papers, selecting 17 for data extraction and synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Identified common design principles: user-centered development, expert inclusion, usability testing, and feedback mechanisms.
  • Evaluation approaches varied based on goals, including randomized controlled trials, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies.
  • Proposed 8 guidelines for DMHI development, emphasizing stakeholder involvement and design justification.

Conclusions:

  • User-centered design and rigorous evaluation are crucial for effective DMHIs.
  • Mixed-methods approaches capture both efficacy and user experience.
  • Future research should justify design choices and adopt multiperspective approaches.