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Designing McKibben muscles: a critical review for practical implementation.

Vera Gesina Kortman1,2, Jovana Jovanova2, Hiroyuki Nabae3

  • 1Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628CD, The Netherlands.

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Summary

This review explores McKibben Artificial Muscles (AMs), highlighting their structure, performance, and operational principles in soft robotics and biomechanics. Recent innovations enhance their capabilities for advanced applications.

Keywords:
McKibben Musclesactuatorartificial musclesbio-inspired designsoft robotics

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Area of Science:

  • Soft robotics
  • Biomechanical engineering
  • Actuator technology

Background:

  • McKibben Artificial Muscles (AMs) are versatile pneumatic actuators.
  • They mimic natural muscle behavior for complex movements like bending and twisting.
  • Their structure and multifunctionality make them key in soft robotics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in McKibben AMs.
  • To analyze performance metrics and design characteristics.
  • To identify emerging trends and future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search on Scopus.
  • Analysis of 146 relevant articles.
  • Categorization of actuator configurations (individual and bundled).

Main Results:

  • McKibben AMs exhibit diverse configurations: linear, circular, serial, parallel, braided, convergent, and pennate.
  • Innovations include smart actuation, braided sleeves, and internal bladders.
  • These advancements enable embedded sensing, environmental adaptability, and untethered operation.

Conclusions:

  • Recent innovations significantly expand McKibben AM capabilities.
  • Alternative manufacturing methods offer potential for enhanced functionality.
  • McKibben AMs are crucial for future advancements in soft robotics and biomechanics.