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Longitudinal surface-based morphometry changes in the hippocampus in dementia.

Salah Aziz1, Romeo Penheiro2, Cassandra Morrison3

  • 1Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.

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|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface-based morphometry (SBM) reveals early Alzheimer's disease (AD) changes in the hippocampus, offering insights beyond simple volume loss. These SBM features track cognitive decline and disease progression more sensitively than traditional measures.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseDementiaHippocampusMild cognitive impairmentSurface-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • The hippocampus is crucial in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with known volume loss and cognitive decline.
  • Surface-based morphometry (SBM) features like curvature, gyrification, and thickness are less explored in AD's hippocampal changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of SBM features in characterizing hippocampal changes in Alzheimer's disease.
  • To compare SBM changes with volumetric changes in tracking disease progression and cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized T1-weighted MRI data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) with 3,144 timepoints.
  • Analyzed hippocampal subfields using HippUnfold and applied linear mixed effects models.
  • Tracked cognitive trajectories in stable and progressing individuals across diagnostic groups (Cognitively Normal, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease).

Main Results:

  • Baseline hippocampal volume differed significantly across diagnostic groups, correlating with disease severity.
  • Surface-based morphometry (SBM) measures showed minimal baseline differences but significant longitudinal changes, especially in progressing MCI to AD groups.
  • Longitudinal SBM changes indicated early surface remodeling in individuals progressing from Cognitively Normal to MCI/AD, preceding overt clinical progression.
  • SBM changes were linked to cognitive decline rates, associating with slower language decline early on and accelerated memory/visuospatial decline during MCI to AD progression.

Conclusions:

  • Hippocampal volume loss is a key AD marker, but SBM features provide complementary, sensitive insights into longitudinal morphometric reorganization.
  • SBM measures are most sensitive during active disease progression (MCI to AD), revealing surface geometry changes alongside volume loss.
  • SBM analysis offers a more comprehensive understanding of AD's impact on hippocampal structure and its relationship with cognitive trajectories.