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Chemotactic activity in dialyzable transfer factor.

J I Gallin, C H Kirkpatrick

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |February 1, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Dialyzable transfer factor from human leukocytes attracts granulocytes and monocytes. This factor also transfers delayed hypersensitivity, suggesting a role in cell-mediated immunity.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cellular Biology

    Background:

    • Dialyzable transfer factor (DTF) is derived from human leukocytes.
    • DTF is known to transfer delayed hypersensitivity.
    • The chemotactic properties of DTF have not been previously described.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the chemotactic properties of dialyzable transfer factor.
    • To characterize the molecular weight and stability of the chemotactic factor.
    • To explore the potential role of DTF chemotaxis in cell-mediated immunity.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro chemotaxis assays using human granulocytes and monocytes.
    • In vivo chemotaxis assessment in rhesus monkey skin.
    • Purification using Sephadex G-25 chromatography.
    • Molecular weight estimation and stability testing (temperature, storage).

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    Main Results:

    • DTF exhibited strong chemotactic activity for granulocytes and weak activity for monocytes in vitro.
    • Chemotactic properties were confirmed in vivo.
    • The active fractions contained material with 255-nm absorbance and transferred delayed hypersensitivity.
    • The chemotactic material has a molecular weight of ≤5000 daltons.
    • Activity was lost upon prolonged cold storage and partially reduced by heating.

    Conclusions:

    • Dialyzable transfer factor possesses previously unrecognized chemotactic activity for granulocytes and monocytes.
    • This chemotactic activity may contribute to the biological functions of DTF in cell-mediated immune responses.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise role of DTF-mediated chemotaxis in immunity.