[Current applications and prospects of artificial intelligence in perioperative comprehensive management for...

The shift from the traditional empirical approach to a more data-driven method in the diagnosis and treatment of GI cancers is significant due to advancements in overall precision medicine and digital healthcare. Artificial intelligence(AI),the driving force behind the technological revolution,is increasingly being used in screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation in gastrointestinal surgery with its potential to use image recognition,develop a deep learning model and analyse multimodal data. This study systematically reviews how AI is currently being applied across the whole perioperative pathway in GI surgery. During pre-operation procedures,the use of AI assisted endoscopic systems and super-resolution radiomics improved early cancer detection rates and clinical stage predictions. During intraoperative procedures,augmented reality navigation,intelligent robotic systems,and the 'ultra-minimally invasive' concept have advanced surgical innovations towards improved precision and reduced invasiveness. After surgery,computational pathology and multi-omics fusion models can be used to assess prognosis and make adjuvant therapy decisions. The physical and psychological rehabilitation experience of patients undergoing perioperative management is optimized with the aid of smart cognitive behavioural therapy and intensive care warning systems. The challenges limiting the clinical translation of artificial intelligence,such as data silos,algorithmic opacity,and ethical regulations,are discussed in detail at the end. After this,possible future applications of federated learning and large language models are envisioned.