Characterization of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on various quantitative characters for future breeding programs

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Plant Breeding
• Genetics

Background:

• Understanding trait interrelationships in turmeric (Curcuma longa) is vital for multi-trait selection.
• Limited comprehensive data exists on yield and quality trait determinants in diverse turmeric genotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify trait variability in 24 turmeric genotypes.
• To identify key determinants of rhizome yield.
• To select superior genotypes for future turmeric improvement.

Main Methods:

• Evaluation of 24 turmeric genotypes over two growing seasons.
• Statistical analyses including genotypic and phenotypic correlations.
• Path coefficient analysis and principal component analysis.

Main Results:

• Significant variability observed in plant height (98.31–138.27 cm) and projected yield (24.92–30.91 t/ha).
• Primary rhizome weight per clump showed the highest positive direct effect on rhizome yield per plant.
• Six superior genotypes (Pratibha, Rajendra Sonia, Suguna-1, Suranjana, RCE-3, Midnapur) identified for yield and quality.

Conclusions:

• Primary rhizome weight per clump is the most effective selection index for enhancing turmeric rhizome yield.
• Breeding strategies should prioritize this trait for developing improved turmeric cultivars.