Characterization of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on various quantitative characters for future breeding programs

Understanding the interrelationships among growth, yield, and quality traits in turmeric is crucial for effective multi-trait selection, yet comprehensive information remains limited. This study evaluated twenty-four diverse genotypes over two growing seasons to quantify trait variability, identify major determinants of yield, and select promising lines for future improvement. Substantial variability was observed, with plant height ranging from 98.31 to 138.27 cm and projected yield from 24.92 to 30.91 t/ha. Aleppy Supreme recorded the highest curcumin content, followed by BSR-II and Pratibha. Genotypic correlations exceeded phenotypic correlations, indicating stronger genetic control of trait associations. Path coefficient analysis revealed that primary rhizome weight per clump had the highest positive direct effect on rhizome yield per plant, marking it as a critical selection criterion. Principal component analysis and per se performance identified six superior genotypes-Pratibha, Rajendra Sonia, Suguna-1, Suranjana, RCE-3, and Midnapur-combining favourable yield and quality attributes. The integrated evidence indicates that primary rhizome weight per clump is the most effective selection index for improving rhizome yield in turmeric. Accordingly, breeding strategies should prioritise this trait to enhance yield potential and develop improved cultivars.