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Rolling resistance, also known as rolling friction, is the force that resists the motion of a rolling object, such as a wheel, tire, or ball, when it moves over a surface. It is caused by the deformation of the object and the surface in contact with each other, as well as other factors like internal friction, hysteresis, and energy losses within the materials. Rolling resistance opposes the object's motion, requiring additional energy to overcome it and maintain movement. In practical...
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When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
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Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific...
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The torque-free motion refers to the movement of a rigid body in space when no external torques are acting upon it. This type of motion can be observed in environments where there are no external forces or frictions, like in outer space. For example, a rotation of Mars in space is a torque-free motion. Mars is an axisymmetric object, meaning it has an axis of symmetry along which it rotates, designated as the z-axis. The rotating frame of reference is defined such that the center of mass of...
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Pocket Racer: An accessible autonomous racing educational platform.

Jesse Cha1,2,3,4,5, Junu Choe1, Vladislav E Tsoy2

  • 1School of Smart Mobility, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.

Scientific Reports
|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pocket Racer offers an accessible, open-source autonomous racing robot for hands-on education. This pocket-sized platform enables high-speed indoor racing, making artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics education more engaging for students.

Keywords:
Autonomous vehicleEducational robotOpen source

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • STEM Education

Background:

  • Autonomous racing platforms can enhance STEM education but are often too large or expensive for indoor educational settings.
  • Existing solutions lack accessibility for high-speed maneuvers in confined spaces, hindering practical AI and robotics learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an open-source, affordable, and pocket-sized autonomous racing robot for indoor educational competitions.
  • To enable undergraduate students to gain hands-on experience in artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics through accessible racing platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and constructed the Pocket Racer, a miniature mobile robot using off-the-shelf components and a Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W edge device.
  • Developed an open-source website and dataset with build instructions to ensure platform accessibility.
  • Demonstrated head-to-head autonomous racing capabilities in indoor environments.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated head-to-head autonomous racing with Pocket Racer platforms.
  • Achieved high-speed overtaking maneuvers exceeding 15 km/h in indoor settings.
  • The platform is easily assembled and cost-effective, utilizing readily available components.

Conclusions:

  • Pocket Racer provides an accessible solution for hands-on AI and robotics education, fostering practical learning experiences.
  • The open-source nature and low cost of Pocket Racer promote wider adoption in university-level STEM programs.
  • This platform facilitates engaging educational activities through exciting autonomous racing competitions.