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Load-frequency control

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Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
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The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
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Generator Voltage Control01:21

Generator Voltage Control

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Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand, use...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
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Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator

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Advanced predictive direct power control for grid-connected WECS-PMSG: comprehensive simulation and real-time

Btissam Majout1, Ikram Saady2, Mohammed Karim1

  • 1Laboratory of Engineering Modelling and Systems Analysis, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.

Scientific Reports
|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an Advanced Predictive Direct Power Control (APDPC) for wind energy systems. The new method significantly improves dynamic performance and power quality compared to conventional Direct Power Control (DPC).

Keywords:
APDPCDPCDS1104 R&DMPCPMSGWECS

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Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
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Published on: February 14, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Renewable Energy Systems
  • Control Systems

Background:

  • Wind energy is crucial for the global energy mix, necessitating efficient and stable Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS).
  • Conventional Direct Power Control (DPC) offers fast response but suffers from power ripples, high Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and variable switching frequency.
  • Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSG) are preferred for their efficiency and operational flexibility in WECS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate an Advanced Predictive Direct Power Control (APDPC) strategy for grid-connected WECS using PMSG.
  • To address the limitations of conventional DPC, specifically power ripples, THD, and switching frequency variations.
  • To enhance power regulation, dynamic performance, and grid integration of WECS under variable wind conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a unified control framework for both Generator-Side Rectifier and Grid-Side Inverter using APDPC.
  • Selected three voltage vectors based on predicted active and reactive power evolution, optimizing their application times with a multi-objective cost function.
  • Validated the strategy via MATLAB/Simulink simulations and real-time implementation on a dSPACE DS1104 platform.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 37% faster dynamic response, eliminated overshoot/undershoot, and reduced steady-state error by 61% compared to conventional DPC.
  • Reduced torque and power ripples by 40-45% and THD in grid current/voltage by up to 50%.
  • Demonstrated superior tracking accuracy and overall performance against recent control strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed APDPC strategy significantly enhances the dynamic performance and power quality of grid-connected PMSG-based WECS.
  • APDPC offers a practical and effective solution for robust WECS operation under variable wind speeds.
  • The unified control framework and predictive vector selection provide a robust and efficient alternative to conventional DPC.