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Transdimensional anomalous Hall effect in rhombohedral thin graphite
Qingxin Li1, Hua Fan2,3, Min Li4
1National key Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Nature
|April 29, 2026
Summary
Researchers discovered a new transdimensional Anomalous Hall Effect (AHE) in multilayer graphene. This phenomenon involves coupled in-plane and out-of-plane orbital magnetizations, emerging in a unique thickness regime between 2D and 3D materials.
Area of Science:
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Materials Science
- Quantum Phenomena
Background:
- Anomalous Hall Effect (AHE) arises from broken time-reversal symmetry, linking magnetic order with electron orbital motion.
- In 2D systems, AHE involves out-of-plane magnetization from in-plane orbital motions.
- In 3D systems, AHE is a thickness-averaged 2D effect, also driven by out-of-plane magnetization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To experimentally observe and characterize a novel type of AHE in multilayer rhombohedral graphene.
- To investigate the role of electron-electron interactions and symmetry breaking in this new AHE.
- To identify the specific thickness regime where this transdimensional AHE emerges.
Main Methods:
- Experimental measurement of Hall resistance hysteresis in multilayer rhombohedral graphene devices.
- Fabrication and testing of multiple devices with varying layer counts (3-15 layers).
- Theoretical calculations to understand carrier behavior and orbital motion within the observed thickness range.
Main Results:
- Observation of a new AHE coupling both in-plane and out-of-plane orbital magnetizations.
- Pronounced Hall resistance hysteresis observed under both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields.
- The phenomenon is confined to an intermediate thickness of 2-5 nm, defining a 'transdimensional' regime.
Conclusions:
- A novel 'transdimensional AHE' state of matter has been discovered in multilayer graphene.
- This state emerges from a metallic phase with broken time-reversal, mirror, and rotational symmetries due to electron interactions.
- The findings open new avenues for exploring correlated and topological physics in transdimensional materials.
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