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Acromegaly diagnosis.

Divya Yogi-Morren1, Philippe Chanson2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Medical Specialty Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

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|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early acromegaly diagnosis is crucial due to long delays. Improved screening strategies, including AI, and refined biochemical tests can help identify patients with growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) excess sooner.

Keywords:
acromegalyartificial intelligencecomorbidity clustersdiagnosisgrowth hormoneinsulin-Like growth factor 1

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Acromegaly, caused by excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), often has a delayed diagnosis (6-10 years).
  • Nonspecific symptoms like sleep apnea and arthralgia can precede classical signs, hindering early detection.
  • Current diagnostic challenges necessitate improved screening and confirmation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current diagnostic approaches for acromegaly.
  • To highlight the need for enhanced screening strategies, especially for patients lacking overt physical changes.
  • To discuss advancements in biochemical and imaging techniques for earlier and more accurate diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations, diagnostic delays, and nonspecific symptoms.
  • Analysis of biochemical evaluation, including serum IGF-I screening and GH suppression testing during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
  • Exploration of emerging technologies like AI-driven facial recognition, advanced MRI, and radiomics.

Main Results:

  • Serum IGF-I is the primary screening test, but interpretation requires considering various confounding factors.
  • GH suppression during OGTT remains the gold standard for confirmation, with updated thresholds for ultrasensitive assays.
  • AI, advanced imaging (MRI, PET/MRI), and radiomics show promise for earlier identification and diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Earlier acromegaly diagnosis is essential to mitigate systemic complications.
  • Integrating AI and advanced imaging with refined biochemical testing can significantly improve detection rates.
  • Improved screening strategies are vital for identifying patients with subtle or nonspecific symptoms.