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Differentiation state affects PD-L1 expression in cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review
Teitur Sævarsson1, Hong Nhung Vu2, Eiríkur Steingrímsson2
1Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters
|April 30, 2026
Summary
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in melanoma is linked to cell differentiation regulators. High PD-L1 correlates with dedifferentiated states, explaining immunotherapy response variability.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a critical biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response in melanoma.
- PD-L1 expression exhibits significant variability within and between melanoma patient tumors.
- Melanoma cell differentiation status, influenced by various regulators, may impact PD-L1 expression.
Conclusions:
- PD-L1 expression in melanoma is significantly influenced by differentiation regulators, with high expression linked to dedifferentiation.
- The identified regulators and pathways contribute to the observed heterogeneity in PD-L1 expression.
- Understanding these regulatory impacts is crucial for optimizing PD-L1 as a biomarker for immunotherapy.
